查看完整版本: 再論副詞的順序

再論副詞的順序

再論副詞的順序

第一個通則是：不管內容為何，較短的副詞片語位在較長的副詞片語的前面。在下面的句子中，時間副詞位在頻率副詞的前面，因為前者比較短 (且比較簡單)。

    * Dad takes a brisk walk before breakfast every day of his life.

第二個通則是：在種類 (狀態、地方、頻率等) 相似的副詞片語中，比較特定的副詞片語居首：

    * My grandmother was born in a sod house on the plains of northern Nebraska.
    * She promised to meet him for lunch next Tuesday.

把副詞修飾語拿到句子的開頭可對該修飾語產生特別強調作用。這對狀態副詞特別有用：

    * Slowly, ever so carefully, Jesse filled the coffee cup up to the brim, even above the brim.
    * Occasionally, but only occasionally, one of these lemons will get by the inspectors.

不當的副詞順序

請參考錯置的修飾語裨進一步瞭解副詞位置的觀念。修飾語有時可能將自己放在不當的位置，而修飾它們不應修飾的字。

    * They reported that Giuseppe Balle, a European rock star, had died on the six o'clock news.

顯然地，將加底線的修飾語移到緊接 "they reported" 之後或移到句子的開頭會比較好，否則這位可憐的傢伙不就是死在電視上了？非常簡單的修飾語如 only 和 barely 也可能發生錯置的情況：

    * She only grew to be four feet tall.

這句應改成 "She grew to be only four feet tall."。

附屬副詞，分離副詞和連接副詞 (Adjuncts, Disjuncts, and Conjuncts)

一個副詞不管它的位置為何，它通常密切地跟句子的走文整合在一起。在這種情況下 (幾乎都是這種情況)，這個副詞被稱為附屬副詞："An adverb is often neatly integrated into the flow of a sentence."。當一個副詞並未與子句的走文整合時，我們稱這個副詞為分離副詞或連接副詞，且通常用一個逗點或一對逗點來分開。雖然它通常修飾動詞，但我們可以說它也修飾整個子句："Although it usually modifies the verb, we could say that it modifies the entire clause, too. "。這個 "too" 就是分離副詞；同一個字也可當做附屬副詞修飾語："It's too hot to play outside."。下面這兩個副詞是分離副詞：

    * Frankly, Martha, I don't give a hoot.
    * Fortunately, no one was hurt.

另一方面，連接副詞在句子中具有連接功能，表示觀念或語氣的轉變。

    * If they start smoking those awful cigars, then I'm not staying.
    * We've told the landlord about this ceiling again and again, and yet he's done nothing to fix it.

我們還有純粹做為連接詞用的副詞，稱為連接詞副詞 (conjunctive adverb)，通常也稱為副詞連接詞 (adverbial conjunction) -- 注意在連接詞副詞之前通常用分號分開：

    * Jose has spent years preparing for this event; nevertheless, he's the most nervous person here.
    * I love this school; however, I don't think I can afford the tuition.

一些特例

enough 和 not enough 這兩個副詞通常位在它們所修飾的字的後面：

    * Is that music loud enough?
    * These shoes are not big enough.
    * In a roomful of elderly people, you must remember to speak loudly enough.

注意：當 enough 做形容詞用時，它可以位在名詞的前面：

    * Did she give us enough time?

副詞的 enough 後面通常接不定詞：

    * She didn't run fast enough to win.

too 這個副詞位在形容詞及其他副詞的前面：

    * She ran too fast.
    * She works too quickly.
      如果 too 位在副詞的後面，它可能是個分離副詞 (意思是 "也" )，通常用逗點來分開：
    * Yasmin works hard. She works quickly, too.

too 這個副詞後面通常接不定詞 (意思是 "太...不或無法")：

    * She runs too slowly to enter this race.

too 另一個常見的句型是 too 後面接介系詞片語 -- for + 介系詞的受詞 -- 再接不定詞：

    * This milk is too hot for a baby to drink.